• Akbar A, Shreenath AP. High fiber diet. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2024.

  • Thompson HJ. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2020–2025): Pulses, dietary fiber, and chronic disease risk—A call for clarity and action. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):4034. doi:10.3390/nu13114034

  • United States Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans: 2020-2025.

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  • National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements. DRVs – Food components.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Sweet potato, cooked, boiled, without skin.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Artichokes, (globe or french), cooked, boiled, drained, without salt.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Collards, fresh, cooked, no added fat.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Peas, green, cooked, boiled, drained, with salt. 

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Avocados, raw, all commercial varieties.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Raspberries, raw.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Guavas, common, raw.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Pears, raw. 

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Teff, cooked.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Barley, pearled, cooked. 

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Quinoa, cooked. 

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Amaranth grain, cooked.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Seeds, chia seeds, dried.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Organic ground flaxseed. 

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Nuts, almonds. 

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Seeds, sunflower seed kernels, toasted, without salt.

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Beans, navy, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, without salt. 

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Lentils, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, without salt. 

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Beans, black, mature seeds, cooked, boiled, without salt. 

  • United States Department of Agriculture. FoodData Central. Chickpeas (garbanzo beans, bengal gram), mature seeds, cooked, boiled, with salt.

  • ​​MedlinePlus. Dietary fiber.

  • MedlinePlus. Soluble and insoluble fiber.

  • Parada Venegas D, De la Fuente MK, Landskron G, et al. Short chain fatty acids (Scfas)-mediated gut epithelial and immune regulation and its relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol. 2019;10:424615. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00277

  • Reynolds AN, Akerman A, Kumar S, Diep Pham HT, Coffey S, Mann J. Dietary fibre in hypertension and cardiovascular disease management: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMC Med. 2022;20:139. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02328-x

  • Akhlaghi M. The role of dietary fibers in regulating appetite, an overview of mechanisms and weight consequences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(10):3139-3150. doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2130160

  • Hefny AF, Ayad AZ, Matev N, Bashir MO. Intestinal obstruction caused by a laxative drug (psyllium): A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;52:59-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.10.001

  • Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Ziani K, Mititelu M, et al. Therapeutic benefits and dietary restrictions of fiber intake: A state of the art review. Nutrients. 2022;14(13):2641. doi:10.3390/nu14132641



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