President Donald Trump’s tax cut and spending bill came down to the wire as Senate Republican leaders scrambled to get all GOP members on board before the final vote Tuesday.
In the end, three long-serving GOP members, Susan Collins of Maine, Rand Paul of Kentucky and Thom Tillis of North Carolina voted against, forcing Vice President JD Vance to break a 50-50 tie.
Each explained their reasons for bucking the president.
Sen. Lisa Murkowski and Sen. Susan Collins walk to the Senate floor as Republican lawmakers struggle to pass President Donald Trump’s sweeping spending and tax bill, on Capitol Hill in Washington, July 1, 2025.
Nathan Howard/Reuters
Susan Collins
One of the mostly closely watched as the vote neared was Collins, who had been on the fence due to the bill’s proposed Medicaid cuts.
“Approximately 400,000 Mainers – nearly a third of the state’s population – depend on this program,” she said in a statement after voting no. “A dramatic reduction in future Medicaid funding, an estimated $5.9 billion in Maine over the next 10 years, could threaten not only Mainers’ access to health care, but also the very existence of several of our state’s rural hospitals.”
Collins added that the bill had “additional problems.”
“The tax credits that energy entrepreneurs have relied on should have been gradually phased out so as not to waste the work that has already been put into these innovative new projects and prevent them from being completed,” she said.
Senator Lisa Murkowski walks after the Senate passes U.S. President Donald Trump’s sweeping spending and tax bill, on Capitol Hill in Washington, July 1, 2025.
Elizabeth Frantz/Reuters
GOP Sen. Lisa Murkowski of Alaska voted in favor of the bill despite reservations.
Murkowski was on the fence for weeks but became a key vote after Collins rejected the bill.
“I struggled mightily with the [bill’s] impact on the most vulnerable in this country,” she told reporters.
“Do I like this bill? No. But I tried to take care of Alaska’s interests,” she said.
Sen. Thom Tillis takes the Senate subway at the Capitol Building, June 30, 2025. Republican leaders are pushing to get President Donald Trump’s “One, Big, Beautiful Bill” Act through Congress and to his desk before the July 4 Independence Day holiday.
Alex Wong/Getty Images
Thom Tillis
Tillis has been extremely vocal in his opposition since the weekend, drawing attention for a passionate floor speech citing Medicaid provisions he claimed would hurt his North Carolina constituents.
During a closed-door GOP conference meeting two weeks ago, Tillis is reported to have made the point that Medicaid coverage for more than 600,000 North Carolinians would be at risk under the Senate’s proposal and asked his colleagues to consider how the policy would affect their own states — even providing state-specific data on a handout.
“I just encouraged other members to go to their states and just measure how … take a look at the proposed cuts and tell me whether or not you can absorb it in the normal course of business, and in many cases, you’re gonna find that you can’t,” Tillis told reporters at the Capitol last week.
Trump lashed out against Tillis on his social media platform and to the press and threatened to field primary challengers. Tillis announced on Saturday that he would not seek reelection.
Sen. Rand Paul speaks to reporters as Republican lawmakers struggle to pass U.S. President Donald Trump’s sweeping spending and tax bill, on Capitol Hill in Washington, June 27, 2025.
Elizabeth Frantz/Reuters
Rand Paul
Paul, a staunch advocate for keeping spending and the debt ceiling in check, posted on X that he wanted the bill to include a 90% reduction in the ceiling.
“No earmarks. No handouts. Just real fiscal reform. I wasn’t looking for favors. I wasn’t horse-trading. I was fighting for the American people and against our out-of-control debt,” he said.
“Bottom line: I offered my vote for fiscal sanity. Congress chose to sell out taxpayers instead. Only once the bill is released, we will know what the true price was,” Paul added.
