Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is a common and highly contagious eye infection that affects people of all ages. It is characterised by redness, itching, and discharge in the eye, and can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergies, or irritants. While it is often seen as a minor annoyance, pink eye can be a significant problem if left untreated or if it spreads to others. Fortunately, with proper care and treatment, pink eyes can be managed and prevented. By keeping your hands clean, avoiding touching your eyes, and using clean towels and makeup, you can reduce your risk of getting pink eyes. If you do get pink eye, see a doctor for proper treatment and take steps to avoid spreading it to others
What is conjunctivitis ?
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, occurs when the conjunctiva- the thin membrane covering the eyelid and eyeball- becomes inflamed. This inflammation causes small blood vessels in the conjunctiva to swell, making the whites of the eyes appear pink or reddish. Pink eye can be triggered by viral or bacterial infections, allergic reactions, or in infants, an unopened tear duct. While it can be uncomfortable, pink eyes rarely impact vision.
Different types of conjunctivitis
Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are the most common forms of pink eye. Adenovirus is the primary cause of viral conjunctivitis, but other viruses like herpes simplex and varicella-zoster can also be responsible. Both types often occur alongside colds or respiratory infections. Poor contact lens hygiene or sharing lenses can lead to bacterial conjunctivitis. These types of conjunctivitis are highly contagious, spreading through direct or indirect contact with infected eye discharge. Either one or both eyes can be affected, making it essential to take precautions to prevent the spread of infectionAllergic conjunctivitis occurs when your eyes react to an allergen, such as pollen, triggering an allergic response. This causes your body to release histamine, leading to symptoms like red, pink, or itchy eyes, excessive tearing, and inflammation. You may also experience sneezing and a runny nose. Unlike viral and bacterial conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis is not contagious and typically affects both eyes. Fortunately, allergy eye drops can effectively manage symptoms, providing relief from discomfort.
How conjunctivitis spreads
Poor contact lens hygiene or sharing lenses can lead to bacterial conjunctivitis. These types of conjunctivitis are highly contagious, spreading through direct or indirect contact with infected eye discharge. Either one or both eyes can be affected, making it essential to take precautions to prevent the spread of infection.
Recognising the early symptoms of conjunctivitis
The symptoms of pink eye can vary depending on the cause, but common signs include:
- Redness or pinkness in the white part of the eye
- Itching or burning sensation in the eye
- Discharge or crusting around the eye
- Blurred vision
- Sensitivity to light
- Tearing or watery eyes
Causes of conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis can be caused by:
1. Viral infections: Viruses such as adenovirus and herpes simplex virus can cause pink eye 2. Bacterial infections: Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae can also cause pink eye 3. Allergies: Allergies to pollen, dust, or other substances can cause pink eye4. Irritants: Exposure to chemicals, smoke, or other irritants can also cause pink eye 5. A chemical splash in the eye
Treatment options for conjunctivitis
Some common treatment options are:1. Viral pink eye: Viral pink eye usually resolves on its own within 7-10 days. Antiviral medication may be prescribed in severe cases2. Bacterial pink eye: Bacterial pink eye is typically treated with antibiotic eye drops or ointment 3. Allergic pink eye: Allergic pink eye can be treated with antihistamine eye drops or oral medications4. Irritant pink eye: Avoiding the irritant and using artificial tears can help alleviate symptoms
Conjunctivitis preventive measures
To prevent pink eye, follow these tips:1. Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently and avoid touching your eyes 2. Avoid sharing personal items: Avoid sharing makeup, contact lenses, or other personal items that can spread infection 3. Avoid rubbing your eyes: Rubbing your eyes can spread infection and make symptoms worseAlso read | 9 early bone cancer symptoms you should never ignore
