For decades, scientists have explored ways to slow aging and extend human lifespan. From strict calorie restriction diets to gene editing experiments, many strategies have shown promise in lab animals but proved challenging for humans. Now, new research suggests that a combination of existing drugs may offer a more practical alternative.A study by the University of East Anglia’s School of Biological Sciences found that two FDA-approved medications — Rapamycin and Metformin, already used for other purposes — could mimic the effects of dietary restriction and potentially increase lifespan. While results are largely based on animal studies, the findings are generating excitement among biologists and longevity researchers, with human trials currently underway to determine whether the same benefits might apply to people.
How the drug mimics calorie restriction to extend lifespan
One of the most consistent findings in aging research is that eating less, without malnutrition, can extend lifespan in many species. However, maintaining long-term dietary restriction is difficult for most people. The new study focused on Rapamycin and Metformin, drugs that replicate the cellular response to fasting. These medications act on nutrient-sensing pathways in the body, essentially “tricking” cells into behaving as if they are in a low-calorie environment. In mice, this has led to increased longevity and improved metabolic health.Scientists examined over 160 studies involving vertebrates like fish, rodents, and monkeys to assess how these drugs affect lifespan. They discovered that while calorie restriction consistently produced longevity benefits across sexes and species, Rapamycin, when used individually, also showed a notable increase in lifespan — in some cases by as much as 30 percent. However, results weren’t always uniform. In rare cases, the same drugs or diets led to shortened lifespan, highlighting the need for more targeted research.
Early signs from human trials
Although most of the existing evidence is from animal models, early human trials of Rapamycin have already begun. Researchers are testing low doses of the drug to reduce side effects while preserving its longevity-enhancing effects. Preliminary results are not yet published, but early data suggest potential improvements in immune response and cellular repair. Scientists remain cautiously optimistic, emphasizing that it will take several years before conclusive evidence in humans is available.
Risks and limitations
Despite the excitement, experts urge caution. Rapamycin, in particular, is known to suppress the immune system at higher doses — a serious concern for long-term use. Metformin, commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes, has shown fewer risks but also weaker effects on longevity. Additionally, what is effective in rodents doesn’t always translate to human biology. Until large-scale, peer-reviewed clinical trials confirm safety and effectiveness, these pills remain a possibility rather than a prescription for longer life.
