The doctor fighting for women’s health on Ukraine’s front line

In a rural village close to the Ukrainian front line, a group of women queue quietly outside a purple and white ambulance, waiting to be seen by a doctor with his shaved head dyed the blue and yellow of the Ukrainian flag.

For many of them, it’s their first time seeing a doctor since the war began more than three years ago.

Since 2022, Dr Serhii Baksheiev, 53, has carried out more than 1,000 gynaecological examinations on women throughout front-line and occupied areas in his kitted out mobile clinic – named ‘The Feminine Shuttle’ and complete with a bright pink examination chair.

“This is a humanitarian volunteering mission. It’s for people who need help, in places where there are no doctors or hospitals, and it’s absolutely free,” he says.

The war with Russia has placed a huge strain on Ukraine’s healthcare system, with more than 1,940 attacks on health facilities since the invasion, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) – making it the highest number in any humanitarian crisis to date – and with a significant increase in those attacks since December 2023.

When the war began, Dr Baksheiev, who is an obstetrician and gynaecologist, initially spent his days in a bunker in Kyiv helping to deliver babies as bombs fell above.

The idea for an on-the-road clinic came to him, he says, after later medical volunteer missions to the front line revealed the lack of facilities because medical centres and hospitals had been completely destroyed.

“We went to Kharkiv and Chernihiv, which were very damaged, and the most difficult thing was not being able to provide gynaecological services because there were no tools and equipment, because everything was ruined,” he says.

Dr Baksheiev and his team would have to use anything available as an examination table, including old sofas, meaning he would have to kneel on the floor to conduct examinations.

Today, walking around the electric vehicle, it’s clear Dr Baksheiev is incredibly proud of its capabilities: it’s been kitted out with everything he and his team could need in these remote areas, including an ultrasound machine and medical equipment to carry out minor surgeries.

During a two-day mission the team can perform up to 80 colposcopies – where they examine the cervix and vulva for signs of cancerous or pre-cancerous tissue.

The work is crucial to the people living in these remote areas.

His visits to small rural villages occupied by the Russians are often carried out in secret. He and his team slip in for a day or two to carry out their examinations and leave before they are detected.

Figures provided by Ukraine’s public health ministry and seen by the BBC show detection rates for ovarian and cervical cancers are down by 17% and 10% respectively since 2020.

And when doctors like Dr Baksheiev do get into those areas to perform examinations, they are finding a higher than average incidence of malignant tumours.

On average, up to 4% of all women are diagnosed with malignant tumours after being examined, according to FRIDA Ukraine, the medical organisation Dr Baksheiev volunteers for.

Dr Ulana Supron was Ukraine’s health minister from 2016 to 2019. She says there is a concern about the “ticking time bomb” of health outcomes as the war drags on.

“In the public health community, there definitely is a lot of worry about what’s going to happen as the war continues,” she says.

“Not only in terms of physical health, but also mental health – because there is a constant stress, constant psychological trauma happening.”

Dr Supron says the government has managed to partially or fully rebuild as many as 964 medical facilities that were damaged by Russia.

“They’re working closely with the WHO and with other international organisations to try to come up with a plan on how we can rebuild the health system that was in place prior to Russia’s invasion,” she adds.

Despite a cancer diagnosis himself in September 2024, Dr Baksheiev continues to volunteer and provide treatment to women across the country.

“Apart from the medical examination, you also hear them out because a lot of patients have stories about how the Russians attacked their villages,” he says.

“So we are not only doctors, we’re the therapists for these patients.”