The United States is facing its worst measles outbreak in over three decades, with more than 1,300 confirmed cases reported across 39 states and the District of Columbia. This marks the highest number of infections since 1992, threatening the country’s measles elimination status achieved in 2000. Experts link the surge to plummeting vaccination rates, fueled by misinformation, political controversy, and erosion of trust in science. Alarmingly, 92% of those infected were unvaccinated, with three deaths and over 160 hospitalisations already reported. While measles is preventable through routine immunisation, the outbreak underscores how lapses in vaccine coverage—especially among children—can rapidly undo decades of public health progress.
Why is measles spreading in the US?
The sharp rise in measles cases is primarily due to low immunisation coverage. According to CDC data, 92% of patients had never received a single dose of the measles vaccine. Vaccine hesitancy has been further exacerbated by public statements from political figures, including US Secretary of Health Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who has made controversial remarks questioning vaccine safety. The spread has also been intensified by domestic and international travel, which allowed the virus to move quickly through unvaccinated populations. Experts warn that if the outbreak lasts more than a year, the US could officially lose its status as a measles-free country.
Symptoms and complications: What to watch for
Measles is a highly contagious viral illness that starts with flu-like symptoms such as:
- High fever
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Red, watery eyes
- A characteristic red rash that starts on the face and spreads downward
Complications can be severe, especially for children and the unvaccinated. These include:
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis (brain inflammation)
- Blindness and deafness
- Diarrhoea and dehydration
- Premature birth or low-birthweight babies (if contracted during pregnancy)
- Loss of immunity to other diseases
The importance of complete vaccination
Two doses of the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine are essential for full protection. A single dose provides some immunity, but not enough to prevent outbreaks. The CDC recommends routine vaccination at:
- 12–15 months (first dose)
- 4–6 years (second dose)
Children as young as 6 months can be vaccinated during outbreaks or travel. The WHO states that herd immunity requires at least 95% vaccine coverage—far above the US’s current average of 92.7% among kindergarteners.
Public health concerns and misinformation
Health officials and experts cite an erosion of public confidence in science as a significant driver of the current crisis. Social media misinformation, conspiracy theories, and polarised political rhetoric have deterred many from vaccinating their children. Experts warn that the virus is “taking advantage” of communities where vaccines are withheld and highlight the role of a fragmented public health system in slowing response efforts.
How to prevent measles outbreaks
- Ensure complete MMR vaccination for all eligible children and adults
- Educate communities to counter
vaccine misinformation - Strengthen public health infrastructure for rapid outbreak response
- Encourage early vaccination in high-risk situations
- Support transparent, science-based health communication
Experts stress that vaccination not only protects individuals but also strengthens community immunity. The US measles resurgence serves as a cautionary tale—a reminder that disease prevention depends on trust in science, strong health systems, and continued public vigilance.
What India can learn
India, which has not yet eliminated measles, has seen improvements in controlling the disease. In 2024, measles cases fell by 73% following targeted immunisation drives. However, vulnerable populations—such as those in slums, tribal areas, or regions with high poverty—remain at risk. Experts emphasise the need to maintain high vaccine coverage and proactive community engagement. According to experts, immunisation must be coupled with community vigilance to avoid outbreaks and protect those most at risk.
