In the wake of the devastating fire at a bar in Crans-Montana, many Swiss citizens are asking themselves whether their political system is fit for purpose.
Switzerland, often praised for its efficiency, has a very devolved system of government, in which villages and towns are run by local officials elected from and by the community.
It is a system the Swiss cherish because they believe it ensures accountability.
But there are inherent weaknesses: hypothetically, the official approving a bar licence or passing a fire-safety check is the friend, neighbour, or maybe even cousin of the bar owner.
When the news of the ski resort fire emerged on New Year’s Eve, first there was shock. Such devastating fires are not, people thought, supposed to happen in Switzerland.
Then there was grief – 40 young people lost their lives, 116 were injured, many of them very seriously. Questions followed – what caused such a catastrophe?
And finally, this week – fury, when Crans-Montana’s Mayor Nicolas Feraud revealed that Le Constellation bar had not been inspected since 2019.
Crans-Montana sits in the Swiss canton of Valais, where fire-safety inspections are the responsibility of Feraud and his colleagues, and are supposed to happen every 12 months.
Not only had the checks not taken place, the mayor said, he had only become aware of this after the fire. And, he revealed, of 128 bars and restaurants in Crans-Montana, only 40 had been inspected in 2025.
Asked why, Feraud had no answer, though he did suggest Crans-Montana had too few inspectors for the number of properties that needed checking.
This was echoed by Romy Biner, mayor of neighbouring upmarket resort Zermatt, who told local media that many communities in the canton of Valais did not have the required resources to inspect so many premises.
This is not a line that plays well with many Swiss, who know that Crans-Montana and Zermatt are two of the richest winter resorts in the country.
So when Feraud faced the press, there were pointed questions from Swiss journalists: how well did the mayor know the bar’s owners? Had he ever been to the bar? And was there any possibility of corruption?
“Absolutely not,” was his indignant answer to the last question.
The mother of two brothers who survived the fire also had questions. “We urgently need complete, transparent answers,” she wrote on social media.
When they escaped the burning bar, each of her sons had thought at first that the other was dead.
“They escaped, but they are deeply traumatised. They will carry the emotional scars forever.”
Those questions, from journalists and families, reveal the problems of Switzerland’s devolved political system.
Elected officials in towns like Crans-Montana have many responsibilities as well as fire safety – running schools and social services, even collecting taxes.
Most of these officials work part-time and, once elected, continue with their day jobs.
Nowadays, some communes may be over-challenged trying to supply and oversee all the services a 21st-Century population expects, but Swiss voters expect better than what they heard from Feraud.
The headlines after his news conference were savage. Many demanded he and his colleagues resign. Feraud ruled this out, saying: “We were elected by the people. You don’t abandon ship in the middle of a storm.”
“A failure right across the board,” wrote the broadsheet Tagesanzeiger. “Now Switzerland’s reputation is on the line.”
“An utter disaster,” wrote the tabloid Blick, “a total failure of fire safety checks.”
Reputational damage is something the Swiss both hate and fear. Switzerland is a rich country, in part because of its reputation for safety, stability, reliability and, among its own citizens, accountability.
If those in charge damage that reputation and put the country’s success at risk, the Swiss are unforgiving.
Heads rolled two decades ago when Swissair, the much-loved national airline, went bankrupt.
Once nicknamed affectionately “the flying bank”, Swissair’s management had made a series of risky financial investments that left the airline dangerously over-extended.
In 2008, banking giant UBS, in which many Swiss, especially pensioners, had shares, had to be bailed out by Swiss taxpayers to prevent not just its own downfall, but disastrous consequences for the global economy.
When the bank’s reckless over-exposure to subprime mortgages was revealed, there was outrage. At the bank’s annual general meeting that year, normally sedate elderly shareholders hissed and booed.
One even jumped onto the stage, demanding the management give up their generous bonuses, ironically waving a string of Swiss bratwursts under their noses “in case you go hungry”.
Crans-Montana, too, has aroused that same angry feeling of trust being betrayed. But this is much worse than Swissair or UBS. Forty people, many of them teenagers, are dead. Dozens more have suffered life-changing injuries.
The Swiss authorities know there must be answers, quickly.
At Friday’s memorial service, the president of Valais, Matthias Reynard, was close to tears as he promised a “strict and independent” investigation, warning that “relevant political authorities” would be held accountable.
Switzerland’s President Guy Parmelin said he expected justice “without delay and without leniency”.
The owner of the bar is now in custody, subject to a criminal investigation, but the role of the local government is sure to be examined, too. There are already calls for fire-safety inspection in Valais canton to be taken away from local town councils and given to canton authorities.
Romain Jourdan, a lawyer representing some of the families, has announced plans to file a case against Crans-Montana’s town council. The families, he said, “are demanding that all local officials be questioned so that such a tragedy never happens again”.
There is a deeper, nationwide soul-searching going on as well. The Swiss want to know why their beloved devolved system, which many, perhaps complacently, believed to be near-perfect, went so catastrophically wrong.
In the first hours after the fire, many people, along with their shock and grief, felt a certain quiet pride that their emergency services had responded so quickly.
Firefighters, ambulances crews and even helicopters were at the scene within minutes. The emergency services were present at the memorial service. Many openly wept.
The shock and grief still sits deep, but the pride has evaporated.
What good are top-of-the-range, highly professional emergency services, the Swiss are asking themselves, if basic fire safety checks are neglected?
Switzerland’s government says finding answers is a moral responsibility – to the families above all, but also to its own voters.
