Eight healthy babies have been born in the U.K. using a new IVF technique that successfully reduced their risk of inheriting genetic diseases from their mothers, the people behind a world-first trial said Wednesday.
The findings were hailed as a breakthrough, which raises hopes that women with mutations in their mitochondrial DNA could one day have children without passing debilitating or deadly diseases on to the children. One out of every 5,000 births is affected by mitochondrial diseases, which cannot be treated, and include symptoms such as impaired vision, diabetes and muscle wasting.
In 2015, Britain became the first country to approve an in-vitro fertilization technique that uses a small amount of healthy mitochondrial DNA from the egg of a donor — along with the mother’s egg and father’s sperm.
Some have called the result of this process “three-parent babies,” though researchers have pushed back at this term because only roughly 0.1% of the newborn’s DNA comes from the donor.
The results of the much-awaited U.K. trial were published in several papers in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Newcastle Fertility Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust via AP 
8 children with DNA from 3 people currently healthy
Out of 22 women to undergo the treatment at the Newcastle Fertility Centre in northeast England, eight babies were born. The four boys and four girls now range from under 6 months to over 2 years old.
The amount of mutated mitochondrial DNA — which causes disease — was reduced by 95-100% in six of the babies, according to the research. For the other two newborns, the amount fell by 77-88%, which is still below the range that causes disease.
This indicates the technique was “effective in reducing transmission” of diseases between mother and child, one of the studies said.
The eight children are currently healthy, though one had a disturbance of their heart’s rhythm which was successfully treated, the researchers said.
Their health will be followed up over the coming years to see if problems arise.
Oxford University reproductive genetics expert Dagan Wells noted that among the eight children, three have shown some signs of what is known as “reversal,” which is still little understood.
It is “a phenomenon where the therapy initially succeeds in producing an embryo with very few defective mitochondria, but by the time the child is born the proportion of abnormal mitochondria in its cells has significantly increased,” he explained.
Nevertheless, Nils-Goran Larsson, a Swedish reproductive expert not involved in the research, hailed it as a “breakthrough.”
The new technique offers a “very important reproductive option” for families affected by “devastating” mitochondrial diseases, he added.
While the U.K. trial is the first to involve multiple mothers, the eight babies born to them are not the first to be born with DNA from three people. That first came in 2016, after a woman was treated by U.S. fertility specialists in Mexico, where there were no laws regulating the practice. A similar IVF method was used in that groundbreaking case.
Ethical concerns over embryos and “designer babies”
Mitochondrial donation remains controversial and has not been approved in many countries, including the United States and France.
Religious leaders have opposed the procedure because it involves the destruction of human embryos. Other opponents have expressed fears it could pave the way for genetically engineered “designer babies.”
An ethical review carried out by the U.K.’s independent Nuffield Council on Bioethics was “instrumental” in conducting the new research, the council’s director Danielle Hamm said Wednesday.
Peter Thompson, head of the U.K.’s Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, which approved the procedure, said only people with a “very high risk” of passing on a mitochondrial disease would be eligible for the treatment.
Ethical concerns have also been raised over the use of mitochondrial donation for infertility in Greece and Ukraine.
French mitochondrial disease specialist Julie Steffann told AFP that “it is a question of the risk-benefit ratio: for a mitochondrial disease, the benefit is obvious.”
“In the context of infertility, it has not been proven,” she added.
